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komovo · website-7c8b549745-qfbjf

Linux system monitoring tools and commands for keeping track of system health, resource usage, and performance.

interactive monitors

tool	install	what it shows
`htop`	`sudo pacman -S htop`	process tree, CPU/memory bars, per-core load
`btop`	`sudo pacman -S btop`	fancy GPU-aware resource monitor with graphs
`glances`	`sudo pacman -S glances`	all-in-one: CPU, mem, disk, network, processes
`nvtop`	`sudo pacman -S nvtop`	GPU monitoring (AMD/NVIDIA/Intel)

command-line tools

command	what it does
`top`	built-in process viewer
`uptime`	system uptime and load averages
`free -h`	memory usage in human-readable format
`df -h`	disk usage per filesystem
`du -sh *`	directory sizes in current folder
`iostat -x 1`	per-device I/O statistics (from `sysstat`)
`vmstat 1`	system processes, memory, paging, CPU
`mpstat -P ALL 1`	per-CPU usage breakdown
`ss -tuln`	list listening ports
`journalctl -xe`	systemd logs with explanation

disk I/O & storage

bash# real-time disk I/O per process
iotop -oP

# I/O statistics
iostat -x 1

# check disk health (S.M.A.R.T.)
sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda

# filesystem disk usage
ncdu /

network monitoring

bash# bandwidth usage per interface
nload

# real-time connections
nethogs

# per-process network usage
netstat -tupn

# ping with timestamp
ping -i 1 google.com | while read p; do echo "$(date) $p"; done