storage

listing devices

bash# all block devices
lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE,FSTYPE,MOUNTPOINT,LABEL

# with UUID and model
blkid
lsblk -o +MODEL

# disk usage by mount
df -hT

mounting

bash# mount by device
mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/data

# mount by UUID (preferred)
mount UUID=xxxx-xxxx /mnt/data

# bind mount
mount --bind /mnt/pool /var/lib/longhorn

# remount as read-write
mount -o remount,rw /mnt/data

# unmount lazy (when device is busy)
umount -l /mnt/data

partitioning

bash# interactive
fdisk /dev/sda

# or gdisk for GPT
gdisk /dev/sda

# create filesystem
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mkfs.btrfs /dev/sdb1

# swap
mkswap /dev/sdb1
swapon /dev/sdb1

fstab

bash# format: <device>  <mountpoint>  <fstype>  <options>  <dump>  <pass>

UUID=abc123  /mnt/pool  ext4  defaults,noatime  0  2

# common options:
#   noatime   — skip access time updates (performance)
#   discard   — enable TRIM for SSDs
#   defaults  — rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, async

fsck & repair

bash# check (unmount first!)
fsck /dev/sdb1

# force check even if clean
fsck -f /dev/sdb1

# repair non-interactively
fsck -y /dev/sdb1

# btrfs scrub
btrfs scrub start /mnt/pool
btrfs scrub status /mnt/pool